The International Tin Trade

Peter Roddy
263 Pages

The international tin trade is known to have been in existence for more than four thousand years and the importance of this metal as a constituent of bronze and pewter was well known in ancient times. The modern tin industry dates from the time of the industrial revolution. In this book, Peter Roddy examines all aspects of the tin trade from the Bronze Age to the present day and considers the future outlook for this metal in a comparatively small but important market characterised by fluctuating prices and falling demand.

The author provides a comprehensive overview of the production, consumption and uses of tin, explains the structure of the market and provides an insight into trading techniques and strategies. The crisis of 1985 and subsequent events are discussed in detail and the future of tin and its associated industries are considered in the light of changes in technology and growing environmental concerns.

This book will be essential reading for anyone with an interest in the international trade in tin, whether as produer, trader or consumer and all those seeking readily accessible information on the industry.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: The History of Tin

The Bronze Age to the Industrial Age

The Industrial Age, 1700-1914
Control in peace and war, 1914-1953

Chapter 2: International Control, the Tin Crisis and the Free Market

Introduction

The international tin agreements
The tin crisis
Trading after the crisis

Chapter 3: Consumption and Production

Statistical sources

Consumption
Production

Chapter 4: Mining

Occurrence
Deep Mining
Opencast mining
Gravel pumps
Mining with pumps on a pontoon
Hydraulicking
Dulang
Dredges
Mining investment in tin

Chapter 5: Smelting and Refining

Smelting

Refining
Secondary tin

Chapter 6: Refined Tin

Properties
Standards and brands
Quality assurance

Chapter 7: The Uses of Tin

Coatings
Non-coating uses of tin

Chapter 8: The Structure of the Market

Market players
The three international tin markets

Chapter 9: The Management of Trading

Analysis of tasks
Limits
Risk
Computers
Administration
The means of communication

Chapter 10: The Trader-Client Relationship

Trader Specialisations
Client liaison
Trading costs
The trading agreement
Client accounts and credit lines
Merchants and producers

Chapter 11:Trading in Physical Tin

Contract terms
Letters of credit
Value Added Tax and local taxes
Concentrates and residues

Chapter 12: Trading in Futures

The exchanges
Forward tin
Hedging
The squeeze
Speculation

Chapter 13: Forecasting Tin Prices

Technical analysis
Fundamental analysis

Chapter 14: Villainy

Futures markets
Fraud
Physical tin
Concentrates
Smuggling

Chapter 15: The Future of Tin

Future tin consumption
Environmental considerations
Market structure
The outlook for prices

About the Author

Michael Atkin was involved in the tin trade for more than 30 years, his early interest in metals inspired by his family connections with South Wales, an area which was once the world's leading producer of tinplate. He joined the metals trading team of Ferguson Wild at the age of 24 and at the time was the youngest ring-dealer on the floor of the London Metal Exchange. He subsequently worked for J.H. Rayner (Mincing Lane) Ltd. and was Director and General Manager of Triland Metals Ltd. before joining Barclays Metals Ltd. Peter Roddy died suddenly on January 30, 1994, at the age of 55.