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Japan Corporate Program

(U.S.) The Japan Corporate Program was initiated by the U.S. Department of Commerce to help increase U.S. exports to Japan. The program was initiated in January 1991, following selection of 20 companies to participate in a five-year pilot project to improve U.S. knowledge of, and access to, the Japanese market. As part of the five-year commitment to the program, the companies arrange four visits a year to Japan, including two by their chief executives; publish their product literature in Japanese; participate in at least one trade promotion event in Japan each year; and modify products to enhance consumer acceptance and promote sales in Japan. The U.S. Department of Commerce supports the 20 firms with market data, arranges introductory meetings with prospective Japanese buyers, and recommends market development strategies. Address: Japan Corporate Program, Office of Export Promotion Coordination, Room 2001A, Department of Commerce, 14th and Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20230; Tel: [1] (202) 482-4792; Fax: [1] (202) 482-1999.

Japan Development Bank (JDB)

(Japan) The Japan Development Bank was founded in 1951 to aid in developing and diversifying the Japanese economy. The JDB is a non-profit organization owned entirely by the Japanese Government. U.S. companies may participate in JDB funding activity under the Bank's Loan Division in the International Department. The International Department disburses loans to foreign companies under two primary loan programs: Promotion of Foreign Direct Investment in Japan and Facilities for Import Products. The other loan programs of JDB are also available to foreign-owned companies under the principle of equal treatment of clients regardless of nationality. Address: Japan Development Bank, 9-1, 1-chome, Otemachi , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Tel: [81] (3) 3244-1770; Fax: [81] (3) 3245-1938; Telex: 24343.

Japan Export Information Center (JEIC)

(U.S.) Provides information on doing business in Japan, market entry alternatives, market information and research, product standards and testing requirements, tariffs and non-tariff barriers. The Center maintains a commercial library and participates in private- and government-sponsored seminars on doing business in Japan. JEIC is operated by the International Trade Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce, 14th Street and Constitution Ave. NW, Washington DC 20230; Tel: [1] (202) 482-2425 and [1] (202) 482-4524; Fax: (202) 482-0469;

Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO)

(Japan) Although legally under the aegis of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), JETRO administers the export programs of the Japanese Government independently. The MITI subsidizes about 60 percent of JETRO's total annual expenditures and, technically, has final decision-making authority over JETRO management and programs. Originally established to help Japanese firms export, JETRO also assists American companies seeking to export to Japan and promotes Japanese direct investment in the United States and U.S. direct investment in Japan. JETRO offices in the U.S. have excellent trade libraries open to the public. There are seven branches throughout the U.S. Headquarters are in Tokyo: Japan External Trade Organization, 2-5 Toranomon, 2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105, Japan; Tel: [81] (3) 3582-5522; New York branch Tel: [1] (212) 997-0400; San Francisco branch Tel: [1] (415) 392-1333; Fax: (415) 788-6927.

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Established in August 1974 to administer the bilateral grant portion of Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA). JICA covers both: (1) grant aid cooperation (offered without the obligation of repayment) and (2) technical cooperation (offering trainees, experts, equipment, project-type technical cooperation, and development studies). Address: Japan International Cooperation Agency, Shinjuku Mitsui Bldg., 1-1, Nishi Shinjuku 2-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 103; Tel: [81] (3) 3346-5311.

jetsam

(shipping) Articles from a ship or ship's cargo which are thrown overboard, usually to lighten the load in times of emergency or distress and that sinks or is washed ashore. See also flotsam.

jettison

(shipping) To unload or throw overboard at sea a part of a ship's paraphernalia or cargo to lighten the ship in time of emergency.

joint agent

(shipping) A person having authority to transact business for two or more transportation lines.

joint and several guarantee

See aval.

joint and several liability

(law) Liability for damages imposed on two or more individuals or legal entities who are responsible together and individually, allowing the party harmed to seek full remedy against all or any number of the wrongdoers. The availability of joint and several liability varies among countries, and some jurisdictions have placed limitations on the amount of damages for which a single person can be held liable when multiple parties could be responsible.

Joint Committee for Investment & Trade (JCIT)

(U.S./Mexico) The JCIT, was established in October 1990 to demonstrate U.S. and Mexican commitment to greater economic cooperation. The Committee identifies trade and investment opportunities and coordinates trade promotion events. For marketing and trade information, contact the 24 hour Flash Fax number: (202) 482-4464; For questions not addressed in the flash fax menu, contact: Office of Mexico, Department of Commerce, 14th Street and Constitution Ave. NW, Room 3022, Washington DC 20230; Tel: [1] (202) 482-0300.

joint rate

(shipping) A single through-rate on cargo moving via two or more carriers.

joint stock company

(law) An unincorporated business association with ownership interests represented by shares of stock. These companies have characteristics of both corporations and partnerships. They are created under authority of law and are treated differently from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. See corporation; partnership.

joint venture

(law) (a) A combination of two or more individuals or legal entities who undertake together a transaction for mutual gain or to engage in a commercial enterprise together with mutual sharing of profits and losses. (b) A form of business partnership involving joint management and the sharing of risks and profits as between enterprises based in different countries. If joint ownership of capital is involved, the partnership is known as an equity joint venture.

jurat

(law) A statement signed by a person authorized to take oaths certifying to the authenticity of a document or affidavit. See authentication; notary public.

juridical person

See person, as defined by law.

juristic act

(law) Action intended to, and capable of having, a legal effect, such as the creation, termination, or modification of a legal right. Signing a power of attorney, for example, is a juristic act because it gives legal authority to an agent.

juristic person

See person, as defined by law.

just in time

(economics/manufacturing) The principle of production and inventory control that prescribes precise controls for the movement of raw materials, component parts and work-in-progress. Goods arrive when needed (just in time) for production for use rather than becoming expensive inventory that occupies costly warehouse space.

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